vswr return loss calculator. The usual function of a transmission line is to convey power from a source to a load with minimal loss. vswr return loss calculator

 
 The usual function of a transmission line is to convey power from a source to a load with minimal lossvswr return loss calculator  If the power incident on a load is Pi P i and the power reflected by the load is Pr P r, then the return loss in decibels is [1, 2] RLdB = 10 log Pi Pr (7

This mix of web-based tools and downloadable Windows software was developed to help engineers design faster and more accurately. VSWR/Return Loss Calculator will find VSWR, Return Loss, Mismatch Loss, and the Reflection Coefficient given any one of the listed input types. The following table provides conversions for wavelength (from frequency), VSWR (from forward and reflected power). Facebook. S. MHz. Convert the load VSWR to load return loss per the following equation: RL Improved = 2*Attenuator + RL Load [dB] (where RL=Return Loss) Of course, the method can be reversed to predict the attenuator required to improve a load VSWR by a predetermined amount. VSWR calculator. spacing could be found. 9, for system 2 is 0. Return Loss to VSWR Calculator. This calculator computes the VSWR, reflection coefficient, return loss and matching loss in a transmission line. The VSWR Calc program is a Microsoft Visual Basic 32-bit application that runs on Windows 95, 98, and NT 4. 1) RL dB = 10 log P i P r. Here's a plot of the loss of WR-90 X-band waveguide. VSWR Return Loss Calculator VSWR is the voltage standing wave ratio it used to measure the all-types waves (example: antenna waves) during transmission. Isolation Var6. This online reflection coefficient to VSWR calculator calculates the VSWR by entering the reflection efficient Γ (= value between 0 & 1). ERP, Line Loss and Various Calculators, Antenna Voltage and Current and Feedline Voltage and Current. Waveguide Calculators. dBm To Watt Calculator. VSWR (voltage. Email. 54-88 MHz -- Low VHF; 88-108 MHz -- FM;S11 then would be the reflected power radio 1 is trying to deliver to antenna 1. 1) RL dB = 10 log P i P r. Cell Site Commissioning and Maintenance. 6dB. But the meter at the transmitter will show a VSWR of 1. When you look at a graph of a return loss formula, the negative sign is often omitted and is sometimes used interchangeably with the S11 parameter. If VSWR is known, then the reflection coefficient (Γ), return loss (RL), and mismatch loss (ML) is calculated by using following formulas. However, convention and some literature quote return loss as a negative value akin to an S (1,1) measurement on a Network. 02:1 VSWR VSWRHighSide of 1. 43 20. Antenna efficiency doesn't cover reflected power due. RL = 20 * log10 ( (VSWR + 1) / (VSWR - 1)) RL = 20 ∗ log10( (V S W R + 1)/(V S W R − 1)) Variables: RL is the Return Loss (dB) VSWR is the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. 2. Formula is:: reflection coefficient(Γ)= VSWR = VSWR Calculator:(by using RL)The VNAs with math modes can also directly calculate and display the resulting VSWR value. VSWR specs (specifications) are introduced, along with formulas for mismatch loss and return loss in relationship to VSWR. 5dB loss per 100 feet at 146 MHz). Reflection. Elite RF. Both terms are used to characterize the uniformity of a cable’s impedance along its length as it relates to reflected energy. Stripline Impedance calculator Smith charts VSWR/Return loss converter Wavelength calculator Wilkinson splitter designer. A very interesting one, at least for educational purposes, is the measurement of complex loads: R, X, VSWR, Return Loss, Phase, capacitance, inductance and real power. מדריך שלם ל- VSWR מ-FMUSER [עודכן 2022] בתורת האנטנות, VSWR מקוצר מיחס גל עומד מתח. There is also a selection of suitable RF. com . High return loss means low reflected power, so high return loss is good for a system. 0:1 0 0 1. offices email call. R = 20log 10 (E incident /E reflected)Let’s end our discussion with a table of reflection VSWR, refection coefficient and return loss values (and remember that our VSWR calculator can provide any values you need). An unfeasible VSWR of 50 reflects 92. Learn about voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), return loss, and mismatch loss, which helps characterize the wave reflections in a radio frequency (RF) design. T Attenuator Calculator. Use the S11 value in the calculator above to find the equivalent VSWR. Mismatch loss is the ratio of power delivered to power available, and is a simple function of reflection coefficient. Email. The relationship between composite return loss and individual return loss in the constructive condition of identical mismatches is that the composite VSWR is the the square of the individual VSWRs. 3. 002 respectively as shown in table-6 for the notch width, g=1. A commonly required conversion is between return loss and VSWR, and some values are tabulated in chart, along with a graph of these values for quick reference. This ratio can also be measured in dB, and expressed as Return Loss. 19. Return loss calculation EXAMPLE : VSWR = 1. e. It varies from 1 to (plus) infinity and is always. As part of Qorvo’s commitment to the engineering community, we are providing this collection of RF design tools to assist engineers. Return Loss Vs. If there is something in the microwave universe that you need a different calculator for, drop us a note and we'll see what we. 041:1 There is a large list of web based VSWR - return loss - reflection coefficient calculators available real-time via the here to go go to our main page on VSWR We offer an Excel spreadsheet that will help you visualize how voltage standing waves are created. This general RF calculator provides path loss, VSWR and wavelength as well as conversions between many common. Stripline Impedance calculator Smith charts VSWR/Return loss converter Wavelength calculator Wilkinson splitter designer. The VSWR value range from 1. Return Loss (dB) VSWR. VSWR / Return Loss Calculator. 4) The reflection coefficient is calculated from the characteristic impedance of the transmission line and. An antenna’s Return Loss is a figure that indicates the proportion of radio waves arriving at the antenna input that are rejected as a ratio against those that are accepted. 5. In the example below an attenuator is added between the input and amplifier to improve its return loss. " – Dr. As an added bonus, the results are modifiable and can calculate the other values. VSWR / Return Loss Calculator. Mismatch Loss: Convert VSWR to Return Loss, Reflection Coefficient, and Mismatch Loss with our easy conversion calculator. The online calculators are usable in pop-up mode for easy desktop. Set the start and stop frequencies F1 and F2. The higher the return loss is means the lower. Formally, S11 is the negative of return loss and. 9913 and LMR-400 are popular “low-loss” RG-8 types. Matching Pi Attenuator Calculator. Requires Windows 7 (64 Bit) or higher. 1:1 5 0. Directivity, on the other hand, is the level of the signal which appears at Port 4 and is undesired. High return loss means low reflected power, so high return loss is good for a system. *Strictly, a loss quantity when expressed in dB should be positive. Suppose the wave is not matched with load and signal there is some unwanted signals are interrupted or signal loss is occurred. S-parameters, S11 and S21. Noise Temperature to Noise Figure Converter. This is an ideal open or short circuit, equivalent to VSWR=infinite. For S 11 it is also possible to display return loss and (voltage) standing wave ratio [(V)SWR] over frequency range. This calculator shows how return loss (VSWR) affects forward power and calculates the power loss difference caused by two different return loss paths. Due to mismatches in impedance within the connector, some of the signal is reflected. Therefore, a VSWR of less than 1. 51 dB, and a return loss of 9. reflection coefficient definition. Author: yuuki. 98 dB return loss. 98dB = 96. 32 dB and 1. To use this calculator to determine the effective VSWR/Return Loss of an attenuator/device combination, enter the attenuation, VSWR or Return Loss, and Gain of the device, then press the ‘Calculate button’. When creating PCB prototypes that conduct alternating current (AC) at radio frequency, designs must compensate for the effects of the current waves on the prototype material. This application note supplies a free of charge software tool that can e. Return loss (RL) is the ratio of the reflected power to the incident power, in decibels (dB). Return Loss is the portion of a signal that is lost due to a reflection of power at a line discontinuity. As the VSWR increases, so also does the percentage of reflected power. 979Return Loss (dB) Calculates Return Loss -13. VSWR - Return Loss - Γ Conversions These are the standard set of equations for converting between VSWR, return loss, and reflection coefficient (Γ). 020:1 ≤ VSWRLowSide of 1. Now let's look at the response. 43. You can calculate return loss when the VSWR is known. Enter a value for VSWR (remember: VSWR should be a number larger than 1. The two VSWRs produce a combined return loss, as follows:. It may be used to calculate and plot the return loss, standing wave ratio from Smith charts, Real power Vs Frequency, VSWR, E-field and H-field distribution, gain as well as radiation patterns. The ratio of a sinusoidal signal reflected back from the load to the incident signal is called return loss. Forward. You calculate return loss by using the reflection coefficient, which measures the ratio of the reflected wave to the incident wave at a given point in the transmission system. **Note: Like our stripline impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. The input to the antenna will be 8,511 watts. VSWR/Return Loss Calculator will find VSWR, Return Loss, Mismatch Loss, and the Reflection Coefficient given any one of the listed input types. Return loss can be measured by using microwave and RF test equipment such as a signal generator, directional coupler along with a spectrum analyser or power meter, or alternatively by using a vector network analyser. The isolation S23 is exactly -20 dB at the center frequency, while the output match is also. Alternatively, Generate R1 and R2 for a wanted attenuation. 예를 들어 Return loss가 10dB 정도라면, VSWR은 2:1 이하가 되어서 입력매칭이 비교적 잘된 경우로 평가하며, Return loss가 14 dB 정도가 되면 VSWR은 1. VSWR = Voltage standing wave ratio. PI Attenuator Calculator. Fairview Microwave's Friis Transmission Equation Calculator will calculate the received power from an antenna at some distance given a transmission frequency and antenna gains. Interactive Tools & Calculators. Use the S11 value in the calculator above to find the equivalent VSWR. 557 GHz. WhatsApp. These are the standard set of equations for converting between VSWR, return loss, and reflection coefficient (Γ). If the power incident on a load is Pi P i and the power reflected by the load is Pr P r, then the return loss in decibels is [6, 7] RLdB = 10 log Pi Pr (2. To do this, I start at the input port and re-calculate the return loss for each component, factoring in the insertion loss of the previous components in the chain, as they will help improve the component's VSWR further down the chain:. 00Watts Enter 1. Forward Power vs Return Loss Calculator RF calculators and converters. The VSWR is a measure of the efficiency of a transmission line and is used to determine how well the line is matched to the impedance of the. If VSWR is known, then the reflection coefficient (Γ), return loss (RL),. The following equation is especially useful when using a directional power meter. 5:1 정도로써 입력매칭이 거의 완전하게. The oscilloscope is a very powerful tool that has many functions. Enter the return loss, VSWR or reflection coefficient using drop-down menu to calculate how much power is reflected from or delivered to the load and mismatch loss. 009. Example 1: Cable Loss of 3 dB Cable loss: 3. 99 $ = 1-\Gamma^2$ 2. Custom. For support with the MatchCalc tool, contact tool-feedback@qorvo. Cable and antenna analyzers allow operators to measure return loss/VSWR, cable loss, distance-to-fault (DTF) measurements, reflection measurement, antenna isolation measurement, impedance, etc. The concept of loss factor is discussed on this page. Note that it blows up at the lower cutoff frequency of 6. 2. It is a natural phenomenon that occurs for any type of transmission—whether it's electricity or data. g. 34:1 or a return loss of 16. Return loss quantifies the amount of reflected power, while insertion loss quantifies the loss of power as it passes through the component or device. Enter a value for VSWR (remember: VSWR should be a number larger than 1. The return loss at the input and output ports can be calculated from the reflection coefficient, S11 or S22, as follows: RLIN = 20log10|S11| dB (Eq. reflection coefficient definition. Because the reflection coefficient Γ < 1, then the return loss will have a positive dB value. 500 1 Enter Reflected Power 4. RF Trap With Attenuators Computes attenuation, return loss, reflection coefficient and VSWR . Loss factor. Lower VSWR is always desirable for a system. i Created Date: 11/26/2012 4:49:33 PMMeasuring Insertion Loss using RETURN LOSS MODE. 25 on the worst path and the insertion loss is 0. Note that the power handling calculation is based on controlled conditions, including a temperature of 25°C, sea level, and a still air (natural convection) environment. Return Loss (dB) 3. 2:1 VSWR. 또한 안테나의 경우도 실무상에서 Return loss보다는 VSWR로써 비교할 때 좀더 실질적인 비교가 가능하기도 하다. 4569. If VSWR is known, then the reflection coefficient (Γ), return loss (RL), and mismatch loss (ML) is calculated by using following formulas. Telegram. Lower VSWR means lower reflection power (good impedance matching); thus, power transfers to load will be high. An ideal value of VSWR is 1 where none of the power is reflected and all of it is transmitted forward. Step 2. It's located in our download area . The term ‘forward power is synonymous with powered deliver to the load, or thru power. 54dB. 891: 6. 01:1 to 3. Please Support RF Cafe by purchasing my ridiculously low−priced products, all of which I created. VSWR: RL (dB) 1. On the other hand, you calculate VSWR by using the maximum and minimum voltage levels of the standing wave pattern on a transmission line. g. By entering the values given above into the VSWR calculator, we see that the probable assembly-chain VSWR of: 1. Hence, the return loss is always lower than the ideal system (i. The return loss of a system is defined as the ratio of incident power to reflected power and is measured in dB. Return loss is a measure in dB of the ratio of power in the incident wave to that in the reflected wave, and we define it to have a negative value. Calculate! Where do these calculations come from? Well, start with the formula for VSWR: If we invert this formula, we can calculate the reflection coefficient (, or the return loss. 4ghz. 8ghz. This mix of web-based tools and downloadable Windows software was developed to help engineers design faster and more accurately. 0:1, 2. Given a return loss (variable = RL ) in dB, the VSWR is calculated as follows: The magnitude of the reflection coefficient is defined as Rho , where Rho = ( 10 ^ (RL/-20)): e. Impedance Mismatch Calculator; VSWR from Forward and Reflected Power; Return Loss to VSWRVSWR Calculator. Definition of VSWR. When a transmitted wave hits a boundary such as the one between the lossless transmission line and load (Figure 1), some energy will be transmitted to the. Return Loss (RL) is a measure of all reflections that are caused by the impedance mismatches at all locations along the link and is expressed in decibel (dB). For one example, if you have two 2:1 mismatches separated by some distance, the worst case at some frequencies will look like 4:1 VSWR. A Forward and Reflected Power to VSWR Calculator is a tool that helps to determine the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of a transmission line by using measurements of the forward and reflected power. Effects of Cable Loss in VSWR and Return Loss Measurements By Jim Norton Bird Technologies Group Applications Engineer 1 | Bird Technologies Group 866. Stripline Impedance calculator Smith charts VSWR/Return loss converter. This collection of RF and Power Management design tools reflects Qorvo's commitment to the engineering community. VSWR and Return Loss RF Calculator. 01. Values for L, C1 and C2 and R will be calculated. 1) (7. Moreover, return loss is the relationship between both the reflection coefficient (Γ) and the. Note: VSWR values were used to calculate the other two related values (rounded to 3 significant places). 3. And S12 is the power from radio 2 that is delivered through. From the table we can understand that when the return loss is <10dB, the antenna will be at VSWR >2, indicating the system will reflect >30% power and the performance of the antenna will be <70%. Mismatch loss. Preferred resistor values are entered into the text boxes, similar to the way that values for a prototype may be selected. Pasternack's VSWR/Return Loss Calculator finds VSWR, Return Loss, Mismatch Loss, and the Reflection Coefficient given any one of the listed input types. The method generally makes sense in that the return loss, or VSWR, performance of each element in a transmission system additively degrades the system return loss. The resonance calculator, based on user-supplied values of inductance (in nH) and capacitance (in pF), calculates a resonance frequency (in GHz) for the combination of electrical values. Note, that in this conversion to return loss all phase information is lost. Calculate the uncertainty in gain of an amplifier due to the mismatch in impedance. VSWR calculator: Isolation between circuit stages (mentioned above) is a way to minimize the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and, in this way, improve impedance matching. Step 3. Urgent questions should be send via email. Reflected power ratio for system 1 is 0. While we’re at it, the reflection coefficient is: Γ=(75-50)/(75+50)=0. Visit Fairview Microwave's RF coaxial attenuators page for product details. Enter Input Value Output. At the same time another trace can be set to display the VSWR. Convert S11 to return loss; Compute Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) from Return Loss; References [1] Return Loss on Wikipedia The return loss of a system is defined as the ratio of incident power to reflected power and is measured in dB. 39 0. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is defined. The calculator is a spreadsheet that accepts VSWR specifications for all the components in your RF Path—tower mounted amplifiers, diplexers, bias tees, etc. 0:1). Result. Figure 1 — A graph showing the additional loss in a transmission line due to SWR. Fairview Microwave's Waveguide Calculator provides the cutoff frequency, operating frequency range and closest waveguide size for a rectangular waveguide based on the custom inputted broad wall width. 0. Your26 (800) TMS-COAX • LMR-400 TIMES MICROWAVE SYSTEMS Connectors Inner Outer Finish* Part Stock VSWR ** Coupling Contact Contact Body Length Width Weight Interface Description Number Code Freq. 50 = -13. Frequency to Wavelength. VSWR to Return Loss (dB) Converter; Return Loss (dB) to VSWR Converter; Power Conversion : dBm - volts - watts; Phase Noise to Phase Jitter Converter; Phase Jitter to Phase Noise Converter; ppm to Hz Converter; misc. From the table we can understand that when the return loss is <10dB, the antenna will be at VSWR >2, indicating the system will reflect >30% power and the performance of the antenna will be <70%. Enter the Noise Figure and gain for each stage. Calculate VSWR, Return Loss, etc. Pi Attenuator Calculator. 1dB types available on request. 70cm 35W Fm mobile, 3. $ = \Gamma^2 = 10^{-RL/10}$ Power transmitted ratio for system 1 is 0. A SWR can be also defined as the ratio of the maximum amplitude to. Upon arriving back at the source, part of the reflected wave is coupled back. With the initial values in place, you need only click on Calculate. These measurements can be viewed as VSWR or Return Loss with the Site Master. VTX Power in mW. The calculator is designed to be fine tuned after the initial input. This VSWR calculator will calculate return loss, mismatch loss, loss in percentage and the reflection coefficient. Application Note File. Nice Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) calculator is given on this page, converting between reflection coefficient, gamma (in both percent and decibels), and mismatch. 16-Feb-2022. In some systems this is not a trivial amount and points to the need for components with low VSWR. RETURN RETURN RETURN RETURN RETURN LOSS VSWR LOSS VSWR LOSS VSWR LOSS VSWR LOSS VSWR (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) return loss Vs. 8. 4. dBm To Watt Calculator. Suitable for higher power (~1800 watts) at HF. 0:1,. As the VSWR increases, the quality of the match deteriorates and more power is reflected back. When you look at a graph of a return loss formula, the negative sign is often omitted and is sometimes used interchangeably with the S11 parameter. 58 dB in return loss. Keep in mind that some calculators for RF have hard-coded units; if the label says (nF), for example, there. As an added bonus, the results are modifiable and can calculate the other values. Γ = (VSWR – 1)/(VSWR + 1) Return Loss (dB) = -20*Log 10 (|Γ|) Mismatch Loss (dB) = -10*Log 10 (1. PI Attenuator Calculator. G = Gain. Matching Pi Attenuator Calculator. In one typical RF application, VSWR is used to measure the amount of reflection due to impedance mismatch. 특히 Return loss와 VSWR의 대략적 값의 관계정도는 암기해두는게 편리할 때가 많다. For a VSWR of 2, the mismatch loss is calculated to be 0. Assuming that the source and load are perfect then when the signal from the source arrives at the switch some of that signal is reflected. Therefore, the line can have a maximum loss of 2. Due to reflections, an additional loss of 0. VSWR specs (specifications) are introduced, along with formulas for mismatch loss and return loss in relationship to VSWR. Thus with ~ 25% reflected power: Return Loss = -10 x Log [ 100/25. To calculate the Return Loss, add 1 to the VSWR and divide the result by the VSWR minus 1. Input Return Loss Var2. Now, let us investigate the physical meaning of return loss. The reflection coefficient is also known as s11 or return loss. 51 dB, and a return loss of 9. Frequency GHz MHz: ImpedanceOn-Demand Webinars. The path loss that might be measured in a system however will not be this. In summary, return loss is the loss of signal power due to signal reflection or return by a discontinuity in a fiber-optic link or transmission line. 333, a mismatch loss of 0. Các ứng dụng của VSWR: Các chức năng chính của VSWR : Truyền Antenna: Tỷ lệ sóng đứng điện áp (VSWR) là một chỉ báo về lượng không phù hợp giữa một ante nna và đường cấp dữ liệu kết nối với nó. What is a Vswr To Rl? VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) to RL (Return Loss) is a conversion used in radio frequency (RF) engineering to measure the efficiency of power. To do so, calculate the desired return loss and subtract the known load return. 14 dB per hundred feet. VSWR (pronounced "viswar"), or the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, is the ratio of the maximum standing wave amplitude at one node to the minimum amplitude at another node in a system. A resistive load is the easiest to visualize, calculate and understand, but it’s not the most common type of. Power to Voltage. VSWR Calculator. A VSWR of 1:1 means that there is no power being reflected back to the source. The calculator will only return data for frequencies below the cutoff frequency of the cable. 특히 Return loss와 VSWR의 대략적 값의 관계정도는 암기해두는게 편리할 때가 많다. 9, for system 2 is 0. 2:1 (or simply 1. VSWR. Consumers; Contact Us;VSWR / Return Loss Calculator. To do this, I start at the input port and re-calculate the return loss for each component, factoring in the insertion loss of the previous components in the chain, as they will help improve the component's VSWR further down the chain: As seen from the Input Port: ERP Calculators, Coax Line Loss Calculators and Calculators of All Sorts. In order to improve the VSWR, this calculator also has an extra input for adding an attenuator to improve or reduce the system VSWR. return loss Calculator:(by using VSWR) Formula is:: VSWR= return loss = VSWR Calculator: This is the ratio of maximum voltage to minimum voltage in standing wave pattern. 0 dB· Calculation of Free Space Path Loss and Link Budget · Calculation of T-Pad Attenuator and Stepper Motor · VSWR Return Loss and RMS Voltage calculations And that’s not all! Electronics Circuit Calculator is an all-encompassing color code calculator, a radio transmitter and a converter which offers a myriad of additional useful features. Please Support RF Cafe by purchasing my ridiculously low−priced products, all of which I created. In one typical RF application, VSWR is. Yoni Calculator Online Test System Configurator ezSample. Return loss is a meas-ure of how well devices or lines are matched. The reflection coefficient is calculated from the VSWR and used to compute the mismatch loss in dB as shown below. Expressed as 3. This formula is used to calculate the VSWR from the given return loss. Return Loss is the amount of power that is lost in the signal returned/reflected by a discontinuity in a transmission line. 1060. Mismatch Loss (dB). Therefore, a VSWR of less than 1. This calculator is used to calculate the uncertainty of gain for any active RF device (mostly amplifier) that occurs because of the impedance mismatch. Qorvo MatchCalc is a free downloadable RF/microwave matching calculator with ideal tunable passive components. Free Space Path Loss Calculator Calculate the loss for a given distance at an RF frequency Enter distance in km and frequency in either MHz or GHz. VSWR. sales@minicircuits. Return Loss = incident power/ reflected power. The load can be an antenna, filter or other equipment connected to a transmission line. MatchCalc™ RF Design Calculator. This is an online calculator that calculates Return Loss based on VSWR. Return Loss . Consider the antenna being used in transmit mode. com +1 (718) 934 4500 +1 (800) 654 7949. These parameters are often applied to antennas, RF filters and RF amplifiers such as LNA s and PA s. The formula and equations used by this calculator are also provided. 954 dB is possible. S22 would be the reflected power radio 2 is attempting to deliver to antenna 2. For one example, if you have two 2:1 mismatches separated by some distance, the worst case at some frequencies will look like 4:1 VSWR. There are many antenna parameters out there. 換算表. A low VSWR will minimize reflections from the antenna. A table of convenient values are presented at the bottom. Skin Depth Calculator. Print - Advertisement - A calculator designed to compute the VSWR, reflection coefficient, return loss and matching loss in a transmission line Inputs. 2. 0:1). 51 dB, and a return loss of 9. Mismatch Loss: Reflected Power Through Power (dB) Coefficient, Γ (dB) (%) (%) 1 17. Calculates the absolute load impedance, reflection coefficient, VSWR, return loss and mismatch loss of a load. Because the reflection coefficient Γ < 1, then the return loss will have a positive dB value. (GHz) Nut Attach Attach /Pin in (mm) in (mm) lb (g)A VSWR of 1:1 indicates a perfect match, meaning all power is being efficiently transferred, while higher values suggest mismatches and power loss.